SHIELD: an evaluation benchmark for face spoofing and forgery detection with multimodal large language models
Published in Visual Intelligence, 2025
SHIELD benchmarks multimodal large language models on face anti-spoofing and face forgery detection, spanning multiple modalities, attack types, and prompting settings with an interpretable evaluation protocol.
Recommended citation: Shi, Y., Gao, Y., Lai, Y., Wang, H., Feng, J., He, L., Wan, J., Chen, C., Yu, Z., & Cao, X. (2025). SHIELD: an evaluation benchmark for face spoofing and forgery detection with multimodal large language models. Visual Intelligence, 3, Article 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44267-025-00079-w